Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

Ordinarily, if you want liquid to flow in only one direction through a pipe, that pipe needs to be equipped with a flap-type valve – which could fail. Now, however, scientists have created a new type ...

If you suddenly have the need for a two-way, flow control valve — from a valve-selection standpoint — what kind of questions do you ask yourself? Many, perhaps, don’t ask any questions and may make ...

Turbulence is one of the great mysteries of modern science. It is also one of the most important, as most of the flows we’re interested in are turbulent. In some applications, such as industrial ...