Heat and water deficit stresses tend to impede and restrict the efficiency of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and maximum photochemical quantum yield in plants based on their characteristic ...

The number of graphene layers determines specific properties. Both single-layer and bi-layer graphenes are zero band gap semiconductors because of the association between conduction and the valance ...

At the nanoscale, where device dimensions approach the electron's mean free path, the scattering events that typically hinder electron motion in bulk materials can be substantially reduced. In an ...

Monte Carlo track structure codes provide valuable information for understanding radiation effects down to the DNA level, where experimental measurements are most difficult or unavailable. It is well ...